Africans+and+the+Africans+in+the+Age+of+the+Slave+Trade

Nancy Chung Mr. Green AP World History 28 Jan 2011 Pg. 435-440

· The Atlantic Slave Trade **Main Idea:** Slave trade expanded to meet demand for labor in new American colonies as early Portuguese set patterns for contact with African coast. o Portuguese pushed down African coast and reached the cape of Good Hope where they established factories: forts and trading posts with resident merchants § El Mina – heart of gold-producing region of forest zone · Allowed Portugese to exercise some control with few personnel o Early voyagers carried out some raids but were not powerful enough to take out larger African states, thus working with consent of local rulers o Africans acquired goods from Portugese and Portugese in return got ivory, pepper, animal skins, and gold. o Trade = basis of Portugese relations with Africans o Missionary efforts = made to convert rulers of Benin, Kongo, and other African kingdoms § Nzinga Mvemba with help of Portugese ad visors brought the whole kingdom to Christianity § Portugal and Kongo exchanged ambassadors but enslavements of his subjects = Mvemba ended slave trade and limited POrtugesee activites but was particlaly successful because of Portugal’s control of Kongo’s ability to communicate with the outside world and its dominance over Kongo’s trade. o Portuguese settled in ** Luanda ** on the coast of Africa in the 1570s, this became the basis for the Portuguese colony of Angola. o Portuguese had a lot of access to the gold trade. o Slave trade! Slaves were being sent back to Portugal for work, in place of serfdom. o i ncrease of sugar plantations, used the work of the slaves. o By 1600, the slave trade predominated over all other kinds of trade on the African coas t  · Trend Toward Expansion o There were over 12 million slaves shipped over to the Americas, but only 10 million actually made it, conditions on ships were terrible. o High demand for slaves in mainly the Caribbean and Latin America, because mortality was high and fertility was low due to the fact that more men were shipped over than women. o By 1860, almost 6 million slaves worked in the Americas. · Demographic Patterns o **Main Idea:** Although the other slave trades involved mostly women, the Atlantic Slave Trade was mostly men in Africa were sent to the Americas as a work force, because of the heavy labor needed. § The trans-Saharan slave trade consisted mainly of women, who were used as concubines and domestic servants in north Africa and the Middle East. But the Atlantic Slave trade was concentrated on men. Kept women and children back to extend existing king groups. § Population increase when slaves reached the Americas. § New crops were introduced to Africa, such as maize and manioc, providing new food resources for the population. · Organization of the Trade o **Main Idea:** Slavery, because of its profitableness became to be one of the major aspects of the American economies and their importance continued to increase.

§ The first to control the African slave trade were the Portuguese, but they were soon overturned by the Dutch who seized El Mina in 1637. The ** Royal African Company ** was chartered for that purpose. The Royal African Company established a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants. § Many of the people who worked for the Royal African Company died from the diseases that were exposed. § The Spanish developed a complicated system in which a healthy man was called an ** Indies piece **, and children and women were priced at fractions of that value. § During some periods, ** the triangular trade **, in which slaves were carried to the Americas; sugar, tobacco, and other goods were then carried to Europe.

PG. 440-448 NOTES

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3. AFRICAN DIASPORA

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