Russia,+Japan,+and+the+West

2. 1. What was the Decemberist uprising? What were its causes and effects? Decemberist uprising - a revolt of Western-oriented army officers in 1825 Causes - Russia's ruling elite welcomed artistic styles, + ^^ censored intellectuals who tried to incorporate liberal or radical political values. Effects - Repression of political opponents stiffened, secret police expanded. 2. What were the weaknesses of the Russian economy? - Russia fell increasingly behind its western counterparts - Russia remained a profoundly agricultural society based on serf labor 3. What caused the Crimean War? what were its major efects? The widening gap between Russia and the West; Nicholas I provoked conflict with Ottomans in 1853 by claiming that Russia = responsible for protecting Christian interests in Holy land. France and Britian came directly to sultan's aid and didn't practice diplomacy. Russians lost and it was a huge blow because they lost it purely to industrial cause; helped convince new tsars (Alexander II) that a change needed to be done, and reform = essential. Serfom = abolished 4. Why were serfs emancipated? how did their emancipation differ from the emancipation of slaves in the U.S.? What changes did it create? Serfdom = abolished because of Russian concern about the attack s on slavery in the Americas, it reflected their desire to meet Western humanitarian standards. IT was more generous than the liberation of slaves in the Americas. It helped create a larger labor force 5 What were the Zemstvoes? How successful were they? Zemstvoes = local political councils Not very; they had no influence on national policy however they gave middle class peoples such as doctors and lawyers new political experiences. 6. What was the significance of the Trans-Siberian railroad? - connected European Russia w/ the Pacific - directly stimulated expansion of Russia's iron and coal sectors. 7. What economic reforms were enaced by Sergei Witte - enacted high tarrifs to protect new Russian industry, improving its banking system, and encouraged Western investors to build great factors w/ advanced technology. 8. What were the signs that Russia was headed to revolution? (think about - intelligentsia, anarchists, Marxists, Bolsheviks Change and the limits of destablized Russia society and Marcist leaders helped focus social unrest.

1. Explain major developments in Japan in the early 1800's - (1800-1850) Growth of "Dutch Studies" in Japan - second minority group in Japan; a group of Japanese translators kept alive the knowledge of Dutch after ban to deal with traders at Nagasaki. Sparked interest in Dutch goods/knowledge. Schools of Dutch studies = est. - (1841-1843) Brief Shogun Reform effort - shogunate weakened by economical troubles ; under western pressures 1867 - Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan 1868-1912 : Meiji period in Japan - major reformations, abolishment of fuedalism. Shogunate 1870 - Ministry of Japan established 1872 - Education Act in Japan - effect of industrilization 1877 - Final Samurai rising - failed, wiped out divisions 2. What effect did the actions of Commodore Perry have on Japan? (include details on Samurai discontent) Perry used threats of bombardment to insist that Americans be allowed to trade; in 1854 won this right and est. an American Consul in Japan. Britain, Russia, and Holland won similair rights. Daiymos = totally/shogunate = divided opposed westernization Shogunates = displeased but had no choice because westerners = superior. Samurai begin attacking foreigners 3. List the actions taken by the Meiji State - samurai leaders = put down troops of shogunate - abolished feudalism - replaced daiymos with system of nationally appointed prefects - samurai officials sent abroad to western Europe and US to study economic and political institutions and technology - expanded power of the state/centralized bureaucracy to power to enact social and economic reforms 4. Explain how Japan Industrialized - (Private and government roles) - army - governemtn banks funded growing traade and provide capital for indsutry - state built railroads spread across country - government initiative dominated manufacturing - guilds abolished to = national market - Minsitry of Industries est. 1870 ; became one of key govt agencies - zaibasta 5. List ways that Industrialization changed Japan - more aggressive foreign policy - introduced new universal educational system - westernization (fashions, etc) birth rates dropped 6. What division within Japanese society were created by modernization? Divisions were created in intellectual life/ nationalism (saumrais, shogunate, division between whether to westernize or not. Lower class = YES, upper class/most profitable from shogunate = NOOO)

GOODBYE ASIA IN CLASS WORK 1. Analyze POV/reliability of Japanese views of westernization - Dutch schools > U.S. > Diplomat Europeans > OLD AND BLOATED GOVT > In way of progress

2. Alternative docs? - Daimyos - Shogunate

3. Analyze views > disagree/agree? - Agree with Japan's need to westernize; attempts to further government. Survival of the fittest - China's refusal to westernize = "WESTERNIZATION!!!! OH HAHA THE IRONY" - Senor Verde