India

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__**MAIN IDEA:**__ Indian leaders lead nationalist movements, and Indian nationalist leaders gained more power through Western education and reformations, better providing them to go up against Great Britain as conflicts emerged from Britain's lack of fulfillment in promises to the Indian people. (Marcus - western education = provded better opp's for Indians) · National Congress party – led Indians to independence and goverened through most of the early decades

o Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians that were more likely to be in study clubs than political organizations o Congress party received high regards from British officials o Most members of Congress party = loyal to British officers · British racism, however = ^^ o Limited job opportunities · “drain” of Indian resources under British rule · Western Indian educated elites = groped for causes to draw in larger nationalist community · Indians funded British economy, but soon British was falling behind US and Germany · Growth of cash crops for $$ · British measures to aid small landowners = too little too late · B.G. Tilak – Indian nationalist leader · Terrorist plots in India – Bengal (Hindu communalists) · Morley-Minto reforms provided Indians with opportunities to vote and serve on local/Indian legislative councils · Wartime inflation o Shipping shortages, bosses grew rich from profit but they suffered famines · British refusal to honor wartime promises o Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 o Rowlatt Act – placed sever restrictions on key Indian civil rights o Mohandas Ghandi – emerged as new leader who soon forged localized protest into sustained all-India campaign against policies of colonial overlords § Satyagraha – PEACEFUL __**MAIN IDEA:**__ Indian independence movements = escalated and solidifed AFTER WORLD WAR II  o Quit India Movement o Muslim League § Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah § Key factor in struggle for decolonization in south Asia § India and Pakistan born from decisions in 1947 · Hindu-Muslim and Muslim-Sikh riots

3. Leader Analysis Sheet Name of Leader: Ghandi

Lifespan

Title: "Father of the Nation" Country/region: India

Years in Power (Lived?) October 2 1864 - January 30 1948 Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power - India = British colony racism and inequality = conflicts between British and Indians Indians were poor but British officials = rich

Ideology, Motivation, Goals: - Unify India, get India independence from British - satyagraha - resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience

Significant Actions & events During Term of Power 1921 - assumed leadership of National Congress 1930 - led followers in noon-coopertion movement of British imposed taxes Dandhi Salt March 1942 - Quit India Movement; demanded immediate Independence for India

Short-Term effects: - Mass civil disobedience movements - Indians = wanted unification

Long-Term Effects - Other independence movements across globe = followed Gandhi's ideology - satyagraha

An identity is who/what someone/something is. They are marked by characteristics Characteristics If we don't identify with someone, our viewpoints can clash and we'll have negative feelings unless one is open minded. You'll either want to change someone, or change according to what they are. Adopting the beliefs of someone else, taking their identity, changing yours. A society, based on its identity decides who belongs through shared characteristics. If an individual belonging to a society does not conform with the beliefs and characteristics, they easily will not feel as though they belong. My attitude and beliefs help decide for me what is right and what is wrong, what is acceptable and what is not. To share common grounds with a group of others, you can all be different but you have at least one binding characteristic which puts you all together. Membership is defined by beliefs and values; identity, and it is defined by the people who have those beliefs.
 * 1) What is an Identity?
 * 1) How are our identities formed?
 * 1) How does our identity influence the way we see ourselves and others?
 * 1) What is conformity?
 * 1) How does a society decide who belongs and who does not?
 * 1) How do our attitudes and beliefs influence our thinking?
 * 1) What does it mean to belong to a group?
 * 1) How is membership defined and by whom is membership defined?