Nationalism,+Industrialization+and+Imperialism

Nationalism: A sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism, Loyalty or devotion to one's country; patriotism. 1. Treaty of Westphalia Who: France's Cardinal Jules Mazarin and his great protégé ean-Baptiste Colbert. Colbert's What: In my opinion it is the system that helped form all the states today. "In view of the currently collapsing world financial system, which is tearing apart the Mastricht Treaty, European governments have a last opportunity to abandon the failed Anglo-Dutch liberal system of private central banking and globalization, and organize the new Eurasian axis of peace centered on Russia, Germany, and France." When: Between May-October 1648 Where: Modern Day Germany Why: " To solve the collapse as sovereign nation-states with a common interest, their historical foundation is the 17th-Century Peace of Westphalia"

http://www.schillerinstitute.org/strategic/treaty_of_westphalia.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia

2. Nationalism: The feeling of being patriotic, to have pride in one's country, to feel superior. • Unification of Italy- - Garibaldi - Italian nationalist revolutionary hero. Was a leader in struggle for Italian unification and Independence 1859 - Garibaldi conquered Austrian forces in Alps 1860 - conquered Sicily and set up provisional government 1861 - conquered Naples, a united Italy was finally established with annexation of Umbria and Marches from the papal government. Victor Emmanuel = appointed king 1866 - Gained Venice 1870 - Napoleon withdrew troops from Rome, Italian troops moved into Rome. Rome = union with Italy, Rome = capital of united Italy

• Unification of Germany- - Hohenzollern Kings of Prussia = wanted to unify Germany under their own rule and exclude Austria entirely - Otto von Bismark = osen by William I king of Prussia to lead this feat but Bismark allied with Austria and stripped both Schleswig and Holestein from Danes. - Bismark promised Napolean III territorial compensation if France didn't interfere with war between Austria and Prussia. Italy = promised Venice - Prussia destroyed Austrian army at battle of Sadowa - Bismark put up candidacy of Hohenzollern for the throne of Spain - Remainder of German states = under William I - Austria = biggest loser

• Zionism- The national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel, advocated, from its inception, tangible as well as spiritual aims.

• Brazilian Independence- - Napoleon I invaded Portugal and forced the Portuguese royal family into exile - Family = resettled themselves into Rio de Janeiro which became unofficial seat of Portuguese Empire - 1815 - John VI created United Kingdom of Portugal which raised status of Brazil from colony to Kinggdom - 1821 - Prince Dom Pedro left to rule Brazil after his father left for Portugal - 1822 - Jose Bonifacio de Andrada/other brazilian leaders = convinced Pedro to declare Brazil's independence from Portugal - Oct. 12 - Brazil = constitutional monarchy

• Monroe Doctrine- In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: • The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization • The political system of the Americas was different from Europe • The United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security • The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere

• Argentine Republic- - born under the Englightenment and ideaas of 19th entury liberaism - wars of Independence = foundational moments in heroic birth - Jose de san martin - Buenos Aires = booming commercial center - people of Buenos Aires = resented Spanish trade restrictions - opted for autonmy in 1810 but failed - 125 - all of Spanish South America = gained independence

• Balkan Nationalism - next to Italy, inspired by unification and Independence movements - Russian = supported Balkans because they were slavic - Turkish power declined, independence from Ottomans

3. Summary of Global impact of Nationalism: After the French and British began to be come strong independent nations, other nations were influenced in attaining independence as well. The Ideas of liberal values spread very fast. It attracted Italy to trace back all of their states and become a nation along with the help of other nations by forming alliances. Austria and Prussia were two big states that were initially allied, ended up in war. Prussia strived to become a nation under any circumstances. Prussia bribed France and Italy into staying out of the war, giving them more advantages to winning. Nationalism helped in global expansion and in the start of imperialism as it made the citizens of each said country the drive to make their nation "better", and created a competition amongst surrounding nations to be at the top. It fueled imperialism through it's individual support to better its own country rather than a world wide feel.

**Industrialization**
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow

//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 24 ||


 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?
 * The most important one would be the Index Numbers of World Trade because it shows how the world has progressed and economically developed, elaborating on trade routes etc. Although it is significant that the years of life expectancy increased and the number of iron production raised, all of these tie into the trade index and are major contributors - a longer life expectancy and increase in iron production leads to industrialization and urbanization.
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us?
 * It tells us that urbanization and industrialization start to, and have taken place in the world and how the "old world" is moving into modern times. People are living longer, industrialization is taking place (iron), and the economy of the world has evolved into a more interconnected system.

5. Read the following and answer the questions below [|Industrial Revolution Introduction.pdf]
 * What was the Industrial revolution?
 * It was a series of changes during which production increased, populations rose, on a global scale.
 * What was its origins?
 * It originated in Britain around the 18th century while E ideas ere floating around Europe.
 * What were its major effects?
 * rapid growth of cities
 * expansion of economy

__. Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us?__ __//Extent of Colonial Control//__


 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

__ SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19 __

__//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900)__


 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254

It shows that Germany had successfully imperialized many areas surrounding its region; creating a dominant power far larger than any out there - ruling out Great Britain, France, Belgium, etc. It also shows that Europe in particular harbored most imperialistic thoughts - power is no longer dependent on how big a nation is in size, it is how much control a nation has OUTSIDE its borders. - Austrailia is totally occupied, & Africa, one of the largest continents that is populated/has government/tradition is over 90% controlled.

8. Define Imperialism in your own words: It's when a nation extends their influence and power upon the government and economy of another nation/region.

__9. What were the motivations for Imperialism?__ - Nations thought that they could gain more power, guarantee a role in world domination - Economic reasons (goods/trade of that nation) - Get more land

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.


 * The British East India Company - Created under the English Royal Charter to pursue the East Indies
 * Sepoys - Indian soldiers that serviced the Europeans
 * British Raj - The name dubbed to the South Asian area that the British colonized.
 * Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference - Created Africa's borders; the Berlin Conference was a call to see how the colonial land in Africa would be controlled to avoid territorial disputes
 * Settlement Colonies - Colonies such as those in North America meant to westernize and spread Christianity.
 * White Dominions - Included regions such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, the Union of South Africa, and the Irish Free State, under British sovereignty.
 * Cecil Rhodes - English businessman who was an advent believer in imperialism/nationalism and founded areas today which are now called Zimbabwe and Zambia.
 * James Cook - a British explorer, navigator, cartogopher, - mapped out much of Newfoundland.

11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below Company continued to meddle in the affairs of the local princes. - sepoys - victories in Bengal - key battle at Plassey - Indian sepoys w/ British troops defeated Indian armies - teenage nawab Siraj ud-daula against Robert Clive; prize = Bengal, Clive wins. - Conflicts allowed British to advance into Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta. - princely states; British let rulers stay but stationed agents in rulers' courts. - no Indian national identity - || - Let princely rulers stay in power but the British stationed agents within the courts to maintain control. || - India came to be a great empire that was being built by Britain on a global scale.
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.) || - British agents for British East India

- Too much reliance on Indians

- India = major outlet for British investment. || formed by French Rev. - British missionary pressure and British interfernece led Boers to flee to Cape Colony --> Great Trek - British est. new outpost at Durban in Natal by following Boer pioneers. - Orange Free State - Cecil Rhodes, discovery of diamonds. - Boer War || - Increased number of settlers in South Africa. - evangelical missionaries entered South Africa and were deeply committed to eradicating slavery. || - Wars by British led to guilt which led to dominance of settler majority over Black pop. - misery in South Africa today. || land launched British presence in New Zealand (1850s) - British wanted to claim islands to be part of Global empire, & plunged Maori into misery - Western schooling || - Offered schooling for Maori || - Maori learned how to use Euro laws and institutions - gave them ability to win British over ||
 * South Africa || - British captured Cape Town during wars
 * New Zealand || - British farmers and herders in search of

12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism

Nationalism, industrializaitaion, and imperialism were all intertwined, they all depended on each other to occur. Nationalism spurred imperialism. When countries became nationalistic, people had pride in their country and thought they were superior to everyone else and their surrounding neighbors. Therefore, imperialism - the spreading of ideas and expansion into other territories supported ideas of nationalism - they could do so because they were superior to everyone else. Imperialism depended on nationalism to occur because if there was no nationalism, no one would feel the need to take over surrounding countries if they did not feel as though they were superior and had the right to do so. Industrialization links both nationalism and imperialism in two ways: without industrialization, soverign states would not have the ability or production power to seize other territories on the scale that imperialistic nations did. Because of industrilization, imperialism stirred because of the need for manufacturing of goods and the profitable perspective countries now had when looking at surrounding nations around the global community. Also, when imperialism occured, it was usually a better off and more stable nation that took over a weak, vulnerable nation and therefore the dominant nation would spread technology and ideas, colonizing lands such all around the globe. Therefore, although nationalism might be able to stand on it's own, nationalism, industrailization, and imperialism were all dependent on each other to match the products of events that occured in the indsutrail era.